rectifiers 整流器
half-wave rectifiers 半波整流器
full-wave rectifiers 全波整流器
diode rectifier 二極體整流器
2017/07/31
2016/11/14
Voltage Divider/Potential Divider 分壓器
voltage divider/potential divider 分壓器
How to get the voltage output of a voltage divider?
Answer:
Vin ---- Z1 ----- Vout ----- Z2 ---- GND
i = Vin / (Z1 + Z2) = Vout / Z2
=> Vout = [Z2 / (Z1 + Z2)]Vin
where Z can be resistor/capacitor/inductor.
Reference:
Voltage Divider (Wikipedia)
How to get the voltage output of a voltage divider?
Answer:
Vin ---- Z1 ----- Vout ----- Z2 ---- GND
i = Vin / (Z1 + Z2) = Vout / Z2
=> Vout = [Z2 / (Z1 + Z2)]Vin
where Z can be resistor/capacitor/inductor.
Reference:
Voltage Divider (Wikipedia)
Inverting Amplifier 反相放大器
inverting amplifier 反相放大器
Vin ---- Rin ----- Vmid ----- Rf ---- Vout
Vmid ----- -ve of op-amp
GND ----- +ve of op-amp
What's Vout?
Answer:
Vmid = 0 for an ideal op-amp.
i = Vin / Rin = - Vout / Rf
=> Vout = - (Rf / Rin)Vin
What's the voltage gain?
Answer:
Gain = Vout / Vin = - (Rf / Rin)
Vin ---- Rin ----- Vmid ----- Rf ---- Vout
Vmid ----- -ve of op-amp
GND ----- +ve of op-amp
What's Vout?
Answer:
Vmid = 0 for an ideal op-amp.
i = Vin / Rin = - Vout / Rf
=> Vout = - (Rf / Rin)Vin
What's the voltage gain?
Answer:
Gain = Vout / Vin = - (Rf / Rin)
2016/09/25
Resistance, Reactance, Impedance 電阻、電抗、阻抗
Electrical Impedance:
Z = R + jX or R + jXc
where
Z = impedance in ohms (Ω) 阻抗，單位為歐姆(Ω)
R = resistance in ohms (Ω) 電阻，單位為歐姆(Ω) real part 實部
X = reactance in ohms (Ω) 電抗，單位為歐姆(Ω) imaginary part 虛部
Z = V/I
X = 1/ωC = 1/2πf
ideal resistor with purely real impedance => resistive impedance
ideal inductor/capacitor with purely imaginary impedance => reactive impedance
phasor / phase vector 相量
阻抗可用相量表示
阻抗可以magnitude和phase來表示
magnitude 強度 |Z| = √(R2 + X2)
phase 相位 θ = tan-1(X/R)
Question: What's the reactance of a 2.2µF capacitor with 100Hz frequency?
Answer:
X = 1/ωC = 1/2πf = 1/(2×3.1416×100×2.2×10-6) = 723.4 Ω
Question: Circuit configuration:
Function Generator ---- C ----- Vout ----- R ---- GND
where C = 1µF and R = 2.2 kΩ
Zc = 1/jωC = j/j2ωC = - j(1/ωC) => -90°
A 2.2kΩ resistor and a capacitor are in series. with 100Hz frequency?
Z = R + jX or R + jXc
where
Z = impedance in ohms (Ω) 阻抗，單位為歐姆(Ω)
R = resistance in ohms (Ω) 電阻，單位為歐姆(Ω) real part 實部
X = reactance in ohms (Ω) 電抗，單位為歐姆(Ω) imaginary part 虛部
Z = V/I
X = 1/ωC = 1/2πf
ideal resistor with purely real impedance => resistive impedance
ideal inductor/capacitor with purely imaginary impedance => reactive impedance
phasor / phase vector 相量
阻抗可用相量表示
阻抗可以magnitude和phase來表示
magnitude 強度 |Z| = √(R2 + X2)
phase 相位 θ = tan-1(X/R)
Question: What's the reactance of a 2.2µF capacitor with 100Hz frequency?
Answer:
X = 1/ωC = 1/2πf = 1/(2×3.1416×100×2.2×10-6) = 723.4 Ω
Question: Circuit configuration:
Function Generator ---- C ----- Vout ----- R ---- GND
where C = 1µF and R = 2.2 kΩ
Zc = 1/jωC = j/j2ωC = - j(1/ωC) => -90°
A 2.2kΩ resistor and a capacitor are in series. with 100Hz frequency?
2016/09/13
Differential Amplifier and Operational Amplifier 差動放大器、運算放大器
differential amplifier 差動放大器
差動放大器包括了：
operational amplifier / op-amp / opamp 運算放大器
fully differential amplifier 全差動放大器
instrumentation amplifier 儀器/儀表放大器
isolation amplifier 隔離放大器
negative feedback amplifier 負回授放大器
參考資料：
differential amplifier (Wikipedia)
operational amplifier (Wikipedia)
operational amplifier applications (Wikipedia)
差動放大器包括了：
operational amplifier / op-amp / opamp 運算放大器
fully differential amplifier 全差動放大器
instrumentation amplifier 儀器/儀表放大器
isolation amplifier 隔離放大器
negative feedback amplifier 負回授放大器
參考資料：
differential amplifier (Wikipedia)
operational amplifier (Wikipedia)
operational amplifier applications (Wikipedia)
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